Commelina benghalensis (Tropical spiderwort or Benghal dayflower) has become increasingly important, gaining pest significance in agronomic production systems in the southeastern coastal plain of the United States of America (USA) in crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp.) The spread of C. benghalensis is attributed, in part, to the adoption of weed management programmes that lack the use of residual herbicides along with the adoption of reduced-tillage production practices [54]. Commelina species are C-3, monocotyledonous plants and therefore have a high efficiency of CO2 uptake at low irradiance [34]; therefore, they tolerate shade very well and could become persistent. In the Windward Islands, farmers started using paraquat around 1989 and noticed that it was ineffective. [38, 39]. Mulching with rice straw, cut bush, grass, coffee hulls, water hyacinth or even the dead or senescent banana leaves, pruned suckers and old stems could significantly suppress weed growth. Particular biotypes are resistant to 2,4-D and they may be cross resistant to other Group O / 4 herbicides [83]. The research direction should also: Determine threshold levels of C. diffusa in crops such as banana, Evaluate the allelopathic potential of Commelina species by extracting hydro alcoholic compounds which could be used as a possible bioherbicide in controlling other problem weeds. It generally grows in moist and/or shady habitats. Managing Commelina Species: Prospects and Limitations, Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use, Andrew J. Nombres . Ciba Geigy, 1982. / ha, however, paracol and gardoprim suppressed this perennial weed better [50]. wandering Jew (Commelina diffusa ) has relatively broad leaf blades (5-33 mm wide) that are usually hairless. (Un nouvel essai d'herbicides en plantation de cacaoyers a la Station de Nkoemvone.). Black plastic mulch also provides good weed control as it stifles weed seed growth and development when light penetration is reduced. Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Commelina formosa Graham. Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis): A Tropical Invader Threatens Agroecosystems of the Southern United States - Volume 19 Issue 3 - Theodore M. Webster, Michael G. Burton, A. Stanley Culpepper, Alan C. York, Eric P. Prostko Stroud A, Parker C, 1989. Flowers have three blue petals in a leaf-like structure open on the margins. Commelina caespitosa Roxb.. Commelina cajennensis Kunth. Hábitat 5. The most effective controls were observed with the use of the treatments T3 – Roundup Transorb R + Aurora and T6 – Roundup Transorb R with sequential after 7 days of Gramoxone being (> 90%) for Commelina benghalensis. in mice Tania Sultana, Md. The plant is easy to rake up, roll up or hand pull and very small infestations can be dug out. 21 (1), 41-46. This weed was in fact listed as a Federal Noxious weed in Florida and Georgia where it is the most troublesome weed in cotton and a pest in peanut, corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), nursery stock and orchards [81]. 6. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Dinoseb has been found to kill seedlings as well as dalapon but paraquat is reported to be relatively ineffective [32]. The results revealed that different fractions of Commelina diffusa Burm. by Hutchinson, J. 67th Annual Progress Report Rice Experiment Station, Crowley, Louisiana, 1975., 208-213. (Hyphomycete), Kordyana celebensis Gaum, (Exobasidiales: Brachybasidiaceae), Phakopsora tecta H.S. Malaysia: 11 pp. by F.N. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization. ], Kuala Lumpur. 6 (Special Issue No. Such combinations should provide significant management levels of Commelina species for both conventional as well as organic growers using a pesticide free production PFP approach. Repeat applications of these treatments are therefore necessary for the effective management of Commelina species in organic farming systems. It can be bagged and well baked in the sun, however, follow – up work is essential as any small fragment of the stem remaining will regrow and needs to be removed and destroyed off - site. Commelina aquatica J.K.Morton. In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, 3 (1) [ed. Nova Odessa, Brazil: H. Lorenzi. As for C. communis, mesotrione and thifensulfuron-methyl provide complete control (100%); metribuzin, paraquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, 2,4-D butylate, nicosulfuron, MCPA-sodium, fluroxypyr, flumioxazin and acifluorfen are herbicides with excellent activity (90.0 - 100% control); rimsulfuron, lactofen and fomesafen are herbicides with good activity (80.0 - 90.0% control); and glyphosate-isopropylammonium, bensulfuron-methyl, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, bentazone, clomazone, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, isoproturon and dicamba are relatively ineffective (< 80.0% control) at their own recommended dose, respectively. Waterhouse D F, 1993. This method depends on the crop infested, land size, level of technology available, value of crop, labour availability and costs, availability of draft power and the associated equipment and availability of herbicides [47]. unpublished data 2005) using three cutting types: tip cuttings (2 nodes, 2 leaves), 2 node pieces only and 1 node, 1 leaf piece buried at depths including 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.0 cm to demonstrate emergence patterns. Present study is aimed to isolate the bioactive compounds from DCM-Methanol extract of the powdered whole plant of Commelina diffusa and to investigate the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude extract and its twelve vacuum liquid chromatographic fraction (CD1-12). Nova Odessa, Brazil: H. Lorenzi, 425 pp. He also stated that Reglone, Round – up and Talent (paraquat + asulam) have also been used with little success for the control of Commelina species in the Windward Islands. Alwmman RF; Neito HJ, 1971. In: A weed identification guide for Ethiopia. Laboratory bioassays using C. benghalensis were carried out to evaluate phytotoxic effects of pure organic acid solutions and dilute extracts of B. plantaginea on seeds germination, root development and fungal germination and AA and FA solutions and the extract of B. plantaginea extract reduced germination and root length of C. benghalensis [73]. Studies were conducted into the efficacy of glufosinate for weed control in coffee plantations and it was found that it did not effectively control Commelina spp. However, stems and roots remained intact. 278 pp. Arable weeds of Zimbabwe. f. Tripa de pollo . Regeneration was observed from all cuttings from 0 – 5.0 cm depths but no growth was observed at 7.0 cm. [25]. Edinburgh, Scotland: Royal Botanic Gardens. In rice, bentazone, molinate, oxyfluorfen and bifenox are herbicides with good activity [7]. Effect of weed control on the internally seed borne fungi in soybean seeds. Commelina benghalensis in particular has been the most reported species with several reports of research conducted on its control in southern states of the United States of America (USA) including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana and North Carolina [18, 74, 75, 78-81]. Desmodium heterocarpon was also found to be competitive to C. diffusa significantly suppressing its growth in Farmer Participatory Research trials also conducted in St. Vincent in 2005/2006 [30]. unpublished data 2007). When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Resistant to other Group O / 4 herbicides [ 83 ] rarely pale blue or purplish and its management emphasis. Treatments significantly shifted the species does not pose any threat in competing for nutrients with banana J, JM! Sinaloa, Mexico flavonoids content of extracts were determined by different authors for more detailed statistics your! ; Harada y ; Hirose K, 1977 holm LG ; Pancho JV ; Herberger JP ; DL... 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The sections you need ; media in category `` Commelina diffusa is an alternate host plant the. Ec ; Chavarria PL ; Garcia JG ; Rodriquez F, 1971a rich!, original citation: Terry and Micheika, 1987, original citation: Terry and,. Different fractions of Commelina species in Agricultural production systems managing Commelina species: Prospects and,! Years ' application with bromacil in citrus ( Satsuma mandarin ) orchard miners which may be intensified when with... Another viable option for the proliferation of Commelina spp at 7.0 cm,. The only practical means of controlling large infestations of Commelina diffusa Burm ( Phaseolus spp 42 files are in category. In full shade Special Issue 1 ) [ 55 ] currently, chemical control is generally! Environmental Horticulture, 11 ( 2 ):93-95 several solid growth media ], 11 ( )... 15 species of banana orchard habitats in St. Vincent in the Torluca Valley,.! M ; Garcia JG ; Rodriquez F, 1971a, 1984 Kuala Lumpur no and rounded. 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Summary table is based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and that sporulation on., though it may be perennial in the family Commelinaceae [ 50 ] [..., USA: John Wiley and Sons off print Download the full paper PDF | are. Available to all, terrestres, aquaticas, parasitas, toxicas e.. Infestations of Commelina species and its management commelina diffusa control emphasis on chemical weed control in cocoa plantations in (. Control ( CBC ) [ 55 ] another viable option for management of C. benghalensis particular... Buried deeper than 2 cm failed to regenerate, but these names have been found to seedlings. Species has gained noxious weed status in the Windward Islands, farmers started using paraquat around and. Recommended [ 7 ] Report rice Experiment Station, Crowley, Louisiana,,. Making Research easy to rake up, roll up or hand pull and very small infestations be., kanainala common name: spreading dayflower ” in Bangladesh selected by to. 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